Security Engineering

Navigating Today's Threat Landscape

John Pirc , ... Will Gragido , in Threat Forecasting, 2016

Tier 2 Security Technologies

Tier 2 security technologies are often considered "nice to have" when building out a security infrastructure. These technologies are used by organizations with more sophisticated security infrastructures. They are as well often purchased by organizations in the backwash of a major security data breach. Building an infrastructure that combines tier 1 and tier 2 security technologies provides the most robust risk protection. Tier two technologies include:

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Advanced threat detection

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Network and desktop forensics

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Network and desktop data leakage protection

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Behavioral-based analysis

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Security/threat intelligence feeds

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Threat forecasting and modeling.

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Physical Security Controls

Carl Due south. Young , in Information Security Science, 2016

Summary

Physical security technologies are used to implement fundamental security controls. These controls include restriction of concrete access, environmental monitoring, authentication of identity, verifying access authorization, and assessing affiliation. These controls are central to a comprehensive information security run a risk management program. Specific security technologies are discussed in this chapter but technical and/or principles of functioning are also described in previous capacity likewise as other references past this author et al.

Authentication of identity is required to confirm that an private is indeed the person who is authorized to access a particular location. At least three key command features are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of authentication: minimization of dubiety, resistance to compromise, and sufficient longevity. Technologies used to authenticate identity include biometrics and IDs with photographs.

Robust concrete security requires authorization to physically access a restricted space in addition to verifying the identity of an private and then authorized. Access control systems employ IDs and bill of fare readers on the front end linked to control panels that electronically query a dorsum-end database server. Comparisons are made of the information on the ID with the names of individuals in the database who are authorized to enter restricted infinite as of the last database update. This argues for frequent database updates over secure communication links.

Affiliation with an organization should be based on satisfying specific criteria. An organisation's inability to confirm these criteria is a risk factor for information compromise, etc. Successful passing of a groundwork investigation is a core chemical element of preemployment screening. It is based on the supposition that the nature of by beliefs is indicative of the quality of future behavior.

Notwithstanding, affiliation tin can also chronicle to an individual'southward personal identification with an organization, its people, and its principles. Alienation from an system on a personal level is a risk cistron for insider threats. An application exists that measures written linguistic markers that are commonly associated with this form of alienation and/or disgruntlement likewise as other precipitators of stress. The name of the awarding is Scout, and it examines written communications for psycholinguistic risk factors.

Finally, TSCM is a well-known set up of technology-based methods that is a form of ecology monitoring and is intended to find covert surveillance devices. Its effectiveness is difficult to measure just effectiveness likely increases if the technique is judiciously and unpredictably practical. The deployment of low-technology surveillance solutions that complement traditional TSCM measures should be considered. CCTV is the nigh common form of ecology monitoring that is effective at detecting and deterring risk-relevant incidents.

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Detection Systems

Clifton L. Smith , David J. Brooks , in Security Scientific discipline, 2013

Conclusion

The awarding of security applied science to the protection of assets depends on the requirements and conditions of the security management plan. That is, the part of security technology inside a security protection strategy is to support the security management programme. Also, the application of security technology must exist congruent with appropriate theories and principles for the protection of assets, and is required to be integrated with blueprint and planning. The security principles of DiD and CPTED both support the application of security engineering science within the contexts of the principles of the protection of assets. An understanding of critical path analysis and EASI will let security management to assess the quality of the security strategy in the protection of avails for their system. The principles of universal chemical element conceptual mapping are an advanced approach to understanding the reliability and validity of a security strategy, and provide security managers with the power to extend their knowledge of a security system.

The necessity to detect the presence or activity of unauthorized persons in an area of interest requires appropriate sensors according to gamble and the environment. Applications of sensors on barriers and in open up footing are familiar technologies for the detection of unauthorized persons. However, the application of multibeamed light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation intruder detections systems provides a technology to detect the presence of a person and analyze the reflected beams of the intruder to determine location, movement, and data about the intruder.

The testing of security technology is an important facet of a security plan and design in asset protection. Testing is necessary to determine the appropriateness of an item of equipment for a particular job in a security role. A testing model has been presented in this chapter to evaluate both the reliability and validity of security technology in the context of its awarding in a security strategy.

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The Future of Security

Clifton Fifty. Smith , David J. Brooks , in Security Science, 2013

Futures of Security Technologies

The futures of security engineering science volition be considered with the intent to provide an assessment level of developing and changing technologies likely to be applied in asset protection in the next several decades. The discussion should provide some understanding of potential and developing threats and vulnerabilities of security technologies, through the greater agreement of risk and the awarding of electric current and progressing technologies that have still to be adopted by the security industry. Futures volition consider the greater employ of mobile devices and telecommunications for ease of connectivity, plug-and-play to facilitate connectivity, single blueprint approach, artifical intelligence, smart and multifunctional sensors, maintenance of such complex systems, and increasing smart facility automation.

The evolution of technology from restricted miltitary development through commercialization, and eventually to commoditization, provides a abiding source of fresh technology to community applications. For example, global positioning systems (GPSs), which were in one case the domain of restricted military applications, at present have awarding in mutual devices such every bit mobile phones and cameras. The develpoment of command and control and frontwards-looking infrared technologies in cameras support the thought that defense force technologies will go on to heighten the hereafter of security technologies for the community.

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Integrated Identification Technology

Clifton L. Smith , David J. Brooks , in Security Science, 2013

Introduction

The connected evolution of security technology and its applications for the protection of avails will depend on agreement the principles of its functioning and functions in safeguarding the people, information, and assets of an organization. National security, economy, and growth crave quality security applied science and security management to protect the critical infrastructure of an organization. Therefore, an understanding of the quality of security technology, their applications, and direction will determine the relevance and level of security available. An emphasis on the context of the security is necessary for technology to exist practical inside a security management strategy. Thus, the direction of the engineering will ensure the suitability of this approach for an effective security awarding in the protection of assets.

Because security technology has the capability to enhance a protection of assets strategy, information technology is necessary to decide the role of the engineering in providing security. This chapter is concerned with the detection, recognition, and identification of persons who are either authorized or unauthorized to exist present at a item location in a facility. Post-obit the detection of a person, it is necessary for recognition and then identification of the private to decide the say-so condition. The principles of admission control are presented and discussed, with the importance of the credentials of codes and cards, and the merit of biometric identification is considered. Methods of attacks on biometric systems are described, with multimodal biometric security systems presented as a means of countering attacks. Intelligent CCTV is developing a strong contribution to the strategy of assets protection for an organization. Types of intelligent CCTV are presented as positive approaches to automated surveillance for a security strategy. Thus, the management of these security technologies will improve protect the assets of an organization and its people.

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Introduction to Security

Tariq Bin Azad , in Securing Citrix Presentation Server in the Enterprise, 2008

Explaining Security Technologies

There are several security technologies available to XenApp, including using SSL encryption on digital certificates; using college encryption algorithms, such as TLS, FIPS, and AES; enforcing user information security awareness; establishing well-defined information security policies and procedures; and implementing multifactor hallmark methods utilizing smart cards, tokens, and biometrics.

Public primal infrastructure (PKI) is a security system that utilizes digital certificates. XenApp can utilize either public or private digital certificates.

Cryptography is the process of taking plain text and then scrambling information technology into a cipher text. As a part of the cryptographic process the grade of the information can also exist changed. Cryptography should be considered for data whenever that data is considered sensitive or has a high value.

Vulnerability assessments take become a critical component of many organizations' security infrastructures and accept become integrated into their system rollout process. Before a new server is installed, it first must become through a vulnerability assessment and pass with flying colors. Additionally, when a new vulnerability is discovered, the network administrator can perform an assessment, find which systems are vulnerable, and start the patch installation process.

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Nonacute Facilities and Off-campus Programs and Services

Tony Due west. York , Don MacAlister , in Hospital and Healthcare Security (Sixth Edition), 2015

Vehicle Security Patrols

With the advent of security technology the value of periodic security officer vehicle patrols is a greatly diminished security practise during the fourth dimension period the facility is closed. The use of such patrols during operational hours, however, can exist productive in terms of a periodic security officer presence. In order for such patrols to exist toll effective, the facilities to exist patrolled demand to be in relatively close proximity to each other. A general rule of thumb is that vehicle driving time should exist less than 50% of the combined time actually spent on the premises of the facilities.

Many facilities have implemented the virtual patrol of off-campus premises via an integrated video surveillance organization. In this arroyo, virtual patrol tours can be made that allow for a system security officer or dispatcher, or outsourced provider, to monitor the surroundings and the security of the building via strategically located cameras. This approach often incorporates random patrol tours throughout the 24-hour interval and dark and on-demand observation if an alert is received. Monitoring may be fabricated easier through the use of "dark screen" monitoring, where the photographic camera is dormant unless movement or other preset conditions are met. This can allow for the constructive monitoring of a much larger number of cameras by the operator.

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Cisco PIX Firewall

Eric Knipp , ... Edgar Danielyan Technical Editor , in Managing Cisco Network Security (Second Edition), 2002

Solutions Fast Track

Overview of the Security Features

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PIX firewalls provide security technology ranging from stateful inspection to IPSec and L2TP/PPTP-based VPN. Besides provides content filtering capability.

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Working with Cisco Intrusion Detection Arrangement tin can assistance secure the network environment.

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The PIX firewalls also incorporate the adaptive security algorithm. This maintains the secure perimeters betwixt the networks controlled by the firewall.

Initial Configuration

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Easy setup with the use of Cisco PIX Device Director.

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The same command-line interface spans all PIX firewalls.

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The PIX 501 is a basic Plug-and-Play for your SOHO network.

The Command-Line Interface

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The control-line interface (CLI) used on the PIX is very like to that used on routers.

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Three modes exist in order to perform configuration and troubleshooting steps. These modes are unprivileged, privileged, and configuration way.

Configuring NAT and PAT

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The information that PIX stores in the translation tabular array includes the inside IP accost and a globally unique IP address assigned by the Network Address Translation (NAT) or Network Address Port Translation (PAT).

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In guild to allow traffic to flow from a higher level security interface to a lower level security interface (inside, outside), you must use the nat and global commands.

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NAT is a characteristic that dynamically maps IP addresses originating from the higher security level interface into IP addresses on the same subnet equally the lower level security interface.

Security Policy Configuration

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The security policy is the most important chemical element when designing a secure network.

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Recall, the PIX volition deny everything that is not explicidy permitted. Planning in accelerate will help avoid making unnecessary changes in the way the PIX operates while in production.

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In one case hallmark and authorization have been enabled on the PIX, it volition provide credential prompts on entering and outbound connections for FTP, Telnet, and HTTP admission.

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Perimeters must be established in order to help with designing a security policy.

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Coffee filtering is accomplished by denying applets downloaded to a client one time they access a URL.

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In gild to create a translation for an internal IP address to a public IP address, employ the static command.

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Access control tin can exist achieved through the use of Access Command Lists (ACLs).

PIX Configuration Examples

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pixfirewall(config)#write terminal shows configuration.

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global (outside) i 192.168.10.21 netmask 255.255.255.255 sets upwardly a global puddle using 192.168.10.21 for NAPT.This is used when addresses from the NAT pool have been exhausted.

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access-listing deny udp whatever 172.sixteen.1.0 255.255.255.0 eq whatsoever specifies that TCP and UDP traffic from any source will be denied if the destination is the network 172.xvi.ane.0/24.

Securing and Maintaining the PIX

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Limit the access of the PIX to only those people who actually need it. This will help the security of the network.

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Recollect to give your PIX a unique name for the Interface Name.

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Be sure to put your Routers, Hubs, and PIXs in a secure location that is locked. This will stop whatever threats that are physical in nature, and will help secure your network.

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The People's republic of china Factor

Will Gragido , ... Daniel Molina , in Blackhatonomics, 2013

Tier 1 and Tier 2 Security

This brings us to an important point regarding the technologies that are supposed to protect our infrastructures from breaches and cyber attacks: The cost of tier 1 and tier ii security products can exist very loftier. Equally a result, most organizations today typically deploy only tier 1 security technologies and fail to invest in tier 2 technologies as well. This is why a visitor whose security has been breached can take upwardly to 416 days to discover an advanced or targeted assault, and why the breach is commonly not even discovered by the company's internal security squad.

Let's take a look at what constitutes tier 1 and tier 2 security technologies so that we can put this into perspective in terms of China and its cyber capabilities today.

Tier one Security Technologies

In large corporations, tier ane security technologies are the bones tools for building out what is considered best security practices or defense in depth. According to today's security manuals and compliance regulations, the following are considered necessary for edifice out a reasonably secure infrastructure:

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Firewall or next-generation firewall.

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Desktop anti-virus tool.

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Secure Web gateways.

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Messaging security.

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Intrusion detection/prevention systems.

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Encryption (in transit or at rest).

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Security information event direction.

At this point yous may be wondering: If these technologies are so good at providing protection, why are we seeing such a high number of serious security breaches? The answer is considering tier 1 security technologies are only good for attacks that are known by the security customs, and to be fair, some vendors claim zero-day protection for vulnerabilities that are not known to the general public.

In the case of China, we are dealing with a country that has a proven rails record of industrial espionage that has cost corporations billions of dollars in time and research. It takes more than a year for an organization to realize it has been compromised considering the Chinese are clever enough non to utilize well-known attacks. Additionally, Communist china has several hacker organizations to contract targets of interest, or it has its own government cyber capabilities that are probably the best in the world. The Chinese are also smart enough to realize that nigh organizations are going to be deploying tier 1 security technologies and possess the capability to get around these technologies. However, it'due south very important to notation that tier one security technologies are not useless. They are however needed to keep out the average hacker, but they will not finish the sophisticated hacker. This brings u.s.a. to tier 2 technologies.

Tier two Security Technologies

Tier 2 security technologies are oft purchased after a major breach occurs. They are used past some of the most sophisticated organizations in the globe that understand they have to combine tier 1 and tier 2 security technologies to provide the security that is necessary for reducing their risk profile. These tools include the following:

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Network forensics.

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Desktop forensics.

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Data leakage protection (network/desktop).

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Behavior-based analysis.

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Security intelligence feeds.

In a contempo interview, the caput of the National Security Agency (NSA) was quoted as saying the security engineering science available today only protects approximately fourscore % of the attacks on the Cyberspace. Tier two security technologies are needed to fill the 20 % gap because they go beyond traditional pattern matching and signatures for known attacks. Tier 2 security technologies have the capability of identifying abnormal beliefs in transit and on the host. Additionally, some of these technologies have the capability to model the behavior of a given file or binary that might be considered unsafe for the receiving host. For instance, consider a user who downloads what he or she believes is a normal PDF file on a specific topic of interest. The downloaded file contains embedded malicious JavaScript code and, when the person opens the file, the JavaScript executes and the person is now "owned." Nearly tier 1 security technologies would never be able to stop this blazon of attack because they are generally focused on named threats. Because of this, the security industry and regulatory compliance organizations must include tier 2 security technologies, forth with tier 1 technologies, in their security best practices.

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Electronic Security System Integration

Tony W. York , Don MacAlister , in Hospital and Healthcare Security (Sixth Edition), 2015

Security Technology Implementation Tips

Implementation of new or upgraded security technologies requires the same basic preparation. The post-obit guidelines will aid the healthcare protection professionals ensure a more secure environment:

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Appoint the healthcare organization's data engineering (It) staff early and often to ensure that the cabling, networking and software support resources are available and reliable, as the plan is implemented and used in real-life situations.

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When evaluating intrusion detection, card access command, video surveillance systems, infant protection and other systems, require vendors to demonstrate how integration of these security functions tin can increment security and minimize the training and burden to security personnel.

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Avoid "bells and whistles" and cutting-border products that have not been proven; focus on smart purchases and user-friendly applications.

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Ensure adequate infinite, reliable electrical power and sufficient cooling is provided for each component of the electronic security support organisation.

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Conspicuously delineate in the arrangement's security master plan whether the security or IT department has say-so for equipment and ongoing maintenance.

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Maintain thorough records of electronic security system components, including component labeling, location, cabling types, cablevision termination information, equipment cut sheets, node and port IDs, application software routines and IP addressing and network configuration information.

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Engage in ongoing training on new systems and upgrades.

The ideal healthcare security system is a combination of the right technology, careful planning, proper installation and a strategically deployed staff. Technology must work effectively equally a tool for a well-trained security staff. When these elements are properly integrated, the organization is able to provide a safe environment, and its employees are consequently able to concentrate on fulfilling the organization's overall mission of providing high-quality patient care for the surrounding community.

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